In this method, equivalence classes for input values are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur. Equivalence class testing example solution of triangle problem software engineering video classes in hindi and english. In boundary testing, equivalence class partitioning plays a good. In this technique, we divide the system under test into number of equivalence classes and just test few values from each of class.
What is equivalence partitioning in software testing. Equivalence partitioning is a method for deriving test cases. Equivalence class testing technique examples software. For example, if you divided 1 to input values invalid data equivalence class, then you can select test case values like 1, 11, 100, 950, etc. The three values represent the lengths of the sides of a triangle. The minimum and maximum values of a partition are its boundary values. Specifying equivalence classes or sets of equivalence classes is an easy task with tpt. To generate equivalence class test casesfor the triangle problem the triangle program takes three integers, a, b and c as input. This software testing method divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases should be designed. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning with. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique. Therefore you group the test item into class where all items in each class are suppose to behave exactly the same. Equivalence class testing is a black box software testing technique that divides function variable ranges into classes subsets that are disjoint.
A shorter definition is that in this method the input domain data is divided into different equivalence data classes. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning both are test case. Equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, scalene or not a triangle. Partitioning usually happens for test objects, which includes inputs, outputs, internal values, timerelated values, and for interface parameters.
Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. What is a real life example for equivalence class testing. The key point in equivalence class testing is the choice of the equivalence relation that determines the classes. It divides the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. X could be naturally identified with the set of all car colors. The set of input values that gives one single output is called partition or class. Basic equivalence class discrete math mathematics stack. Test cases are designed for equivalence data class.
The equivalence classes can afterwards be used in the test model. Test case design with the help of equivalence partitioning technique has two steps. What is boundary value analysis bva of black box testing. The program reads three integer values from an input dialog. Equivalence partitioning is a black box technique to identify test cases systematically and is often the first technique to be applied when designing test cases. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning.
Equivalence partitioning is a black box test design technique in which test cases are designed to execute representatives from equivalence partitions. The different test cases must test the classes of the software continuously. Equivalence class or equivalence partition is the act of dividing the given input set by a relation into groups or classes which is treated the same by the module or which should produce the same result. We can use these to identify output range equivalence classes as under. Equivalent class partitioning is very simple and is a very basic way to perform testing you divide the test data into the group and then has a representative for each group. Equivalence class testing this week we turn to equivalence class testing.
It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application under test into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. The values at the extremes startend values or lowerupperend values of such class are known as boundary values. Any data value within a class is equivalent in terms of testing, to any other value. If x is the set of all cars, and is the equivalence relation has the same color as, then one particular equivalence class consists of all green cars. In this example there are two further partitions of invalid ranges. This technique tries to define test cases that uncover classes of errors, thereby reducing the. Equivalence class partitioning software testing class. Domain needs to be divided into subdomains to perform effectively. The theory is that you only need to test one of each item to make sure the system works. The above are not handled by bva technique as we can see massive redundancy in the tables of test cases. Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning. Software testing techniques with test case design examples. Hence the above example proves that equivalence partitioning generates more.
Boundary value analysis is a blackbox testing technique, closely associated with equivalence class partitioning. Tutorial6 to generate equivalence class test casesfor. Equivalence class testing equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique used in software testing as a major step in the software development. Equivalence partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning. So we need to test each equivalence class for two boundaries. Lets see what has to say about boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning first. When designing the test cases for this software we would ensure that all the three valid equivalence partitions are covered once, and we would also test the invalid partition at least once. Equivalence class testing ec testing is when you have a number of test items e.
Equivalence partitioning is a technique of software testing in which input data is divided into partitions of valid and invalid values, and it is mandatory that all partitions must exhibit the same behavior. We will differentiate below, between four different types of equivalence class testing ect. Equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique. In our earlier example instead of checking, one value for each partition you will check the values at the partitions like 0, 1, 10, 11 and so on. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example software engineering classes hindi and english. Equivalence class testing next date problem geeksforgeeks. A craftsmans approach, 4th edition chapter 6 equivalence class testing with 4 day classes, 3 month classes, and 4 year classes, the cartesian product will have 48 equivalence class test cases. Equivalence class testing example solution of triangle. In this technique, the data fed into the software to be tested is divided into partitions of equal sizes. Surely we want to test the above example for following boundary values 9,10,20,21 for equivalence class 1020 and 20,21,30,31 for equivalence class 2. Boundary value analysis is a technique to test boundary value between valid and invalid partitions in test case design. Both the testing techniques are black box testing techniques and without knowing the code structure we can use these testing techniques.
But we are not considering that for shake of simplicity. Software testing blackbox strategies and whitebox testing. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test. For example, number 121 is used from the class three digit numbers as the test input. Equivalence class testing, which is also known as equivalence class partitioning ecp and equivalence partitioning, is an important software testing technique used by the team of testers for grouping and partitioning of the test input data, which is then used for the purpose of testing the software product into a number of different classes. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once. Equivalence partitioning ep is a method for testing software programs. This course focuses on strategies for blackbox testing, about equivalence class testing and special value testing. This technique is used for the equivalence tests checking. This should be a very basic and simple example to understand the boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning concept. What is boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning.
So for example, we might choose to calculate the interest on. In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the software or system are divided into groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior, so they are likely to be proposed in the same way. Frequently, this happens during the equivalence class testing application. So in the above example, we can divide our test cases into three equivalence classes. Identify equivalence classes take each input condition described in the specification and derive at least two equivalence classes for it. The equivalence partitions are frequently derived from the requirements specification for input data that influence the processing of the test object.
Top 11 free software testing courses for beginners. Equivalent class partitioning allows you to divide set of test condition into a partition which should be considered the same. It can be applied to any level of the software testing, designed to divide a sets of test conditions into the groups or sets that can be considered the same i. Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In this article we will discuss some basic test design techniques used to create better test cases, particularly boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning and how. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example. Domain testing also termed as equivalence testing or boundary analysis testing, where input variables analyzed and identify as boundary values and equivalence class values to achieve the expected result. Equivalence class partitioning simplified software testing. The system will handle all the test input variations within a partition in the same way. One test value is picked from each class while testing. However, this is useable only when the partition is ordered, consisting of numeric or sequential data. Equivalence partitioning is a test case design technique to divide the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. Tost procedure a very simple equivalence testing approach is the twoonesided ttests tost procedure.
One class represents the set of cases which satisfy the condition the valid class and one represents cases which do not the invalid class. The word equivalence means the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function, etc. From each partition of data, one test case is needed. Hence selecting one input from each group to design the test cases. Cse 757 software testing 27 equivalence partitioning consider inputoutput domains and partition them into equivalence classes for different values from the same class, the software should behave equivalently test values from each class example for input range 25. Equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis. Jorgensens first law of software engineering strikes again.
Equivalence partitioning in software testing test design. For example, the system means the presence of several informative placeholder fields. It can be useful in any testing phase, like it is useful in unit, integration, system etc. On using 121, it was found that software application.
Equivalence partitioning test case design technique. If the equivalence classes are chosen wisely, the potential redundancy among test cases is greatly reduced. In this technique, we analyze the behavior of the application with test data residing at the boundary values of the equivalence classes. The specialist is required for testing correct and incorrect data for each block. Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning or ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. Same case for other test cases having invalid data classes. The below example best describes the equivalence class partitioning.
Equivalence partitioning example grocery store example consider a software module that is intended to accept the name of a grocery item and a list of the different sizes the item comes in, specified in ounces. Equivalence class testingblack box software testing. Equivalence class testing black box software testing techniques the use of equivalence classes as the basis for functional testing and is appropriate in situations like. The synonyms for the word are equal, same, identical etc. Boundary value analysis in boundary value analysis, you test boundaries between equivalence partitions. The specifications state that the item name is to be alphabetic characters 2 to 15 characters in length. All the data items lying in an equivalence class are assumed to be processed in the same way by the application when passed as input. The basis of boundary value analysis bva is testing the boundaries at partitions remember equivalence partitioning. Equivalence portioning technique in black box testing.
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